JUNE
JUNE
Embedded Files
June 1, 1909 – Ida B. Wells-Barnett delivers her anti-lynching speech "Lynching Our National Crime". An excerpt:
Just as the lynch law regime came to a close in the West, a new mob movement started in the South. This was wholly political, its purpose being to suppress the colored vote by intimidation and murder. Thousands of assassins banded together under the name of Ku Klux Klans, "Midnight Raiders," "Knights of the Golden Circle,'' etc., spread a reign of terror, by beating, shooting and killing colored people by the thousands. In a few years, the purpose was accomplished and the black vote was suppressed. But mob murder continued.
From 1882, in which year 52 were lynched, down to the present, lynching has been along the color line. Mob murder increased yearly until in 1892 more than 200 victims were lynched and statistics show that 3,284 men, women and children have been put to death in this quarter of a century.
June 2, 1868 – educator and activist John Hope was born in Augusta, Georgia
June 2, 1863 – Harriet Tubman, under the command of Union Colonel James Montgomery, led 150 black Union soldiers in the Combahee River Raid in South Carolina. This was the only Civil War military engagement where a woman was the commander. Tubman who was already aware of vital information about the location of Confederate torpedoes planted along the river, led Union gunboats to specific areas where fugitive slaves were hiding and waiting to be rescued. Eventually 750 people were liberated from slavery.
June 2, 1907 – novelist Dorothy West was born in Boston, Massachusetts
June 2, 1941 – diplomat Anne Forrester Holloway was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
June 3, 1887 – tenor and composer Roland Hayes was born in Curryville, Georgia
June 3, 1904 – surgeon and medical researcher Charles Richard Drew was born in Washington D.C.
June 3, 1906 – dancer, singer, and actress Joséphine Baker was born in St. Louis, Missouri
June 4, 1922 – U.S. Naval officer Samuel Lee Gravely Jr. was born in Richmond, Virginia
June 6, 1939 – civil rights activist and children's rights advocate Marian Wright Edelman was born in Bennettsville, South Carolina
June 7, 1917 – poet, author, and educator Gwendolyn Brooks was born in Topeka, Kansas
June 7, 1943 – poet Nikki Giovanni was born in Knoxville, Tennessee
June 7, 1958 – singer, songwriter, musician, and actor Prince Nelson Rogers known professionally as Prince was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota
June 8, 1823 – lawyer and abolitionist Robert Morris Sr. was born in Salem, Massachusetts
June 10, 1898 – Oscar-winning actress Hattie McDaniel was born in Wichita, Kansas
June 10, 1910 – Chester Arthur Burnett was born in White Station, Mississippi. Better known by his stage name Howlin' Wolf he was an American blues singer, guitarist and harmonica player. He is regarded as one of the most influential blues musicians of all time.
June 12, 1963 – NAACP field secretary Medgar Evers is assassinated in front of his home in Jackson, Mississippi by a member of the white citizens council Byron De La Beckwith
June 16, 1971 – rapper and actor Tupac Amaru Shakur was born in New York City, New York
June 17, 1871 – writer and civil rights activist James Weldon Johnson was born in Jacksonville, Florida
June 19, 1865 – Union General Gordon A. Granger arrives in Galveston, Texas and informs the enslaved people of their freedom. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863 more than two years prior.
June 20, 1894 – chemist Lloyd Augustus Hall was born in Elgin, Illinois
June 21, 1832 – politician Joseph Hayne Rainey was born in Georgetown, South Carolina
June 21, 1859 – artist Henry Ossawa Tanner was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
June 21, 1964 – three Civil Rights activists, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner disappear in Neshoba County, Mississippi. They were later found to have been murdered by local members of the Ku Klux Klan.
June 22, 1909 – dancer, choreographer, anthropologist, and social activist Katherine Dunham was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois
June 23, 1940 – Olympic gold-medalist Wilma Glodean Rudolph was born in Saint Bethlehem, Tennessee
June 23, 1948 – U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas was born in Pin Point, Georgia
June 25, 1933 – civil rights activist, writer, and political adviser James Howard Meredith was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi
June 26, 1956 – former NASA astronaut and physician Bernard A. Harris, Jr. was born in Temple, Texas
June 26, 1959 – Prince Edward County, Virginia abandons the entire school district to prevent integration.
June 27, 1872 – poet and novelist Paul Laurence Dunbar was born in Dayton, Ohio
June 27, 1893 – civil rights activist and politician Crystal Bird Fauset was born in Princess Anne, Maryland
June 27, 1922 – composer, pianist, and organist George Theophilus Walker was born in Washington D.C.
June 29, 1849 – pastor, educator, author, and activist William J. Simmons was born in Charleston, South Carolina
June 29, 1925 – composer, arranger, and pianist Hale Smith was born in Cleveland, Ohio
June 30, 1917 – singer, actress, dancer, and civil rights activist Lena Horne was born in Brooklyn, New York
June 30, 1974 – Alberta Williams King, the mother of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was murdered at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia
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